CORRECTIONS FOR F.O.P MIDTERM EXAM -
QUESTION 1: SECTION B
QUESTION 1: SECTION B
Variables
A variable is the storage location in memory that is stored by its value. A variable is identified or denoted by a variable name. The variable name is a sequence of one or more letters, digits or underscore.
For example: character _
Rules for defining variable name:
- Variable's name MUST be unique.
- Cannot be more than 31 characters.
- MUST begin with letters.
- NO space in between.
- Can't begin with numbers, symbols, or special characters.
DATA TYPES
- CHARACTER
· Consist of all LETTERS, NUMBERS, and SPECIAL SYMBOLS.
· Surrounded by SINGLE QUOTATION MARK (' ' ).
· Example: 'A', 'm', '#', '1', or ' '.
STRING
· Combination of more than one character.
· Surrounded by DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK (" " ).
· Example: (" WELCOME TO MY PAGE") OR ("8876").
- LOGICAL VALUES/BOOLEAN
· Making Yes-or-No decisions ( TRUE-or-FALSE).
· Example: to check two integers using if… … else control structure.
Assume a=2 and b=5
If (a<b)
Decision is TRUE
Else
Decision is FALSE
INTEGER
· Whole POSITIVE and NEGATIVE numbers including ZERO and NO DECIMAL place.
· Example: 0, +1, -10.
· Used to represent the counting of things.
· Example: Numbers of month in a year (1,2,3 …).
FLOATING POINTS (FLOAT)
· Contain all numbers with DECIMAL points.
· Stored in floating point
· Used for metric measurement, temperature and price.
· Example: 1.0cm, 234.55kg, RM20.30, 36.7C.
DOUBLE
· Floating point data types comes in three sizes, namely float, double and long double.
· The difference is in the length of value and amount of precision which they can take and it increases from float to long double.
· double: This data type is used to represent double precision floating point number.
LONG DOUBLE
· This data type is used to represent double precision floating point number.
CONSTANT
· fixed values which cannot change.
· example 123, 12.23, 'a' are constants.
ARRAY
· A set of locations in the computer memory that has the same name and contains the same data type.
· It is almost the same as variable, but variable has allocated only one location that can store one value at a time. Where else, array can allocate more than one location to store several values at a time.
LONG/SHORT INTEGER
· LONG INTEGER: This data type is used to represent long integer.
· SHORT INTEGER: This data type is used to represent short integer.
the next example is:
Name | Description | Size* | Range* |
char | Character or small integer. | 1byte | signed: -128 to 127
unsigned: 0 to 255 |
short int (short) | Short Integer. | 2bytes | signed: -32768 to 32767
unsigned: 0 to 65535 |
int | Integer. | 4bytes | signed: -2147483648 to 2147483647
unsigned: 0 to 4294967295 |
long int (long) | Long integer. | 4bytes | signed: -2147483648 to 2147483647
unsigned: 0 to 4294967295 |
bool | Boolean value. It can take one of two values: true or false. | 1byte | true or false |
float | Floating point number. | 4bytes | +/- 3.4e +/- 38 (~7 digits) |
double | Double precision floating point number. | 8bytes | +/- 1.7e +/- 308 (~15 digits) |
long double | Long double precision floating point number. | 8bytes | +/- 1.7e +/- 308 (~15 digits) |
wchar_t | Wide character. | 2 or 4 bytes | 1 wide character |